Anon: Откуда вы взяли эти сведения (книга Берзина мне недоступна)? В тибетском буддизме ученик дает (на известной ступени) обет полного послушания учителю, который воспринимается как носитель линии передачи традиции; никакой речи о выборе нет.
СМ: Честно говоря, не в курсе про такой обет. Возможно, что в некоторых высших практиках ситуация может смещаться в сторону большего доверия к мнению квалифицированного учителя, но подход, насколько понимаю, остается таким же, без сверхзависимости от учителя.
Я нашел книгу Берзина на Интернете на англ. языке и в результате беглого просмотра глав 7 и 8 (поправьте меня, если я ошибся) обнаружил следующие ступени отношений ученик-учитель:
1. связь искатель-учитель;
2. связь ученик-учитель без обетов;
3. связь ученик-учитель с обетами (vows).
Я думаю, это дает полную картину. Вкратце можно сказать, что сначала ученик и гуру присматриваются друг к другу, а когда взаимное согласие достигнуто, ученик обязан соблюдать правила игры (гуру тоже обязан, но отчитывается он не перед учеником). Краткое, но достаточно полное изложение этих правил можно найти в тексте
50 VERSES ON GURU DEVOTION
By Indian Master Ashvagosha
Note: these practices are specifically part of the Tantric path as practiced in Tibetan Buddhism.
http://buddhism.kalachakranet.org/resources/50_verses_guru_devotion.html
Требования, предьявляемые к ученику и учителю:
6. In order for the words of honour of neither the Guru nor the disciple to degenerate, there must be a mutual examination beforehand (to determine if each can) brave a Guru-disciple relationship.
7. A disciple with sense should not accept as his Guru someone who lacks compassion or who is angersome, vicious or arrogant, possessive, undisciplined or boasts of his knowledge.
8. (A Guru should be) stable (in his actions), cultivated (in his speech), wise, patient and honest. He should neither conceal his shortcomings, nor pretend to possess qualities he lacks. He should be an expert in the meanings (of tantra) and in its ritual procedures (of medicine and turning back obstacles). Also he should have loving compassion and a complete knowledge of the scriptures.
9. He should have full experience in both ten fields, skill in the drawing of mandalas, full knowledge of how to explain the tantras, supreme faith and his senses fully under control.
Что ученик обязан делать после дачи обетов (несколько типичных примеров):
10. Having become the disciple of such a protecting (Guru), should you then despise him from your heart, you will reap continual suffering as if you had disparaged all the Buddhas.
13. Never disturb you Guru's mind. Should you be foolish and happen to do this, you will surely boil in hell.
17. It has been taught that for the Guru to whom you have pledged your word of honour (to visualize as one with your meditational deity), you should willingly sacrifice your wife, children and even your life, although thse are not (easy) to give away. Is there need to mention your fleeting weath?
24. (A disciple) having great sense should obey the words of his Guru joyfully and with enthousiasm, If you lack the knowledge or ability (to do what he says), explain in (polite) words why you cannot (comply).
28. Never sit or recline while your Guru is standing (nor lie while he is sitting). Always be ready to stand up and serve him skilfully in an excellent manner.
33. When washing (your Guru's) feet or his body, drying, massaging (or shaving) him, precede such actions with (three) prostrations and at their conclusion do the same. Then attend (to yourself) as much as you like.
38. Whatever you do to serve (your Guru) or show him respect, should never be done with an arrogant mind. Instead you should be like a newly-wed bride, timid, bashful and very subdued.
46. What need is there to say much more. Do whatever pleases your Guru and avoid doing anything he would not like. Be diligent in both of these.
49. (By studying the prerequisite trainings of Guru-devotion and the Graded Path, common to both the Sutra and Tantra,) you will become a (suitable) vessel (to hold) the pure Dharma. You may then be given such teachings as Tantra. (After receiving the proper initiations,) recite out loud the fourteen root vows and take them sincerely to your heart. |
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